Marino, a social worker, interfaith minister, and spiritual counselor specializing in transforming consciousness and relationships, brings decades of expertise to this short but highly detailed narrative. Based upon Christian principles with an open-minded integration of holistic spiritual truths from a wide variety of cultures and sources, the author posits that the foundation of all addictions and social disorders is the human tendency for negative criticism that affects all societies and is especially pervasive in Western society. “When we compare ourselves to others, we may not feel good enough by comparison, so instead, we see others as not good enough. And this begins the critical habit,” Marino writes.

From cradle to grave, there is a habit of continually reinforcing negative perceptions of self and others, locking oneself into limiting perceptions and self-defeating behaviors. As one continues to build upon this critical foundation, limitations are strengthened rather than positive qualities. Marino makes a convincing argument that this habit of continual criticism is in itself an addiction that underlies all other types of addictive behavior, She aptly illustrates in the four parts of this volume the four necessary, concrete steps that must be taken to rewire behavior and unearth one’s “Authentic Self,” the more positive and life-affirming state that all humans display in very early childhood before absorbing limiting and inaccurate beliefs.

Marino describes this phenomenon from varied angles in order to illustrate the problem and the solutions. At times, she describes this negative psychological reinforcement in modern terms, comparing our brains to computer technology and the download of programs that we accept or reject, often in indiscriminate ways that don’t build upon truth or enhance lives. She describes well the difference between “programmed self” and “authentic self” with a diagram of the layers of emotional responses that reinforce human perception of limitations based on fear and doubt that impede growth and happiness. There are other important diagrams in the chapters that clarify Marino's narrative and intention.

The result of this lifelong critical addiction influences physical health and wellbeing as profoundly as mental and emotional health. Marino also uses alcohol and drug addiction terminology to aptly illustrate how overly critical thinking can be a popular, common pastime that results in much the same limitations as engaging in substance abuse. Criticism as an addiction is more invisible and insidious, Marino posits, because critical addiction is valued in society as a necessity and is often mistaken as a positive aspect.

Marino leads readers through a dense narrative packed with information about this complicated topic with the skill of a guide who has visited and revisited a vast, bewildering terrain many times and negotiated many paths and obstacles through it. While the learning curve of this topic may be steep in some regards, and readers may find points to disagree with, the guidance through this remarkable terrain is impeccable. This revised version of Marino's book is especially relevant for readers who embrace a melding of academic training, Christianity, and holistic ideals, as well as the influences of other self-help volumes such as A Course in Miracles. Those who struggle with unhealthy critical attitudes may find Marino’s work enlightening and encouraging.

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